Thursday, 1 August 2019

Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind – Notes on an Exhibition Part 2

Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind
Notes on an Exhibition Part 2
  

On the eve of a major new exhibition of work by Roger Ballen at the Halle St Pierre Museum in Paris I explore the genesis and realisation of the show I curated in Sydney in 2016


The exhibition, Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind was held in the SCA Galleries at the University of Sydney, Australia from 16 March to 7 May, 2016. It was timed to coincide with the 20th Biennale of Sydney and was a featured exhibition in the 2016 Sydney Head On Photo Festival. It consisted of a themed exhibition of 75 photographs spanning Ballen’s career from 1999 to 2015 and a site-specific art installation. In Part 1 https://www.artschooltoartworld.com/2019/07/roger-ballens-theatre-of-mind-notes-on.html I gave an account of the genesis of the exhibition. In this section I will describe the curation and hanging process of the main galleries show. In Part 3 I will consider the artist's creation of a site specific art installation in another part of the complex.


Installation photograph, 'Roger Ballen's Theatre of the Mind', Theatre of the Hidden, Gallery 3


Part 2 Hanging the Show


The SCA Galleries were established in March 2014 in what had originally been the laundry of the grand nineteenth-century complex designed by James Kilbride as the Callan Park  Hospital for the insane in the Sydney suburb of Rozelle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callan_Park_Hospital_for_the_Insane

Sydney College of the Arts, showing locations of
SCA Galleries and entry to so-called 'dungeons'
It had been home since 1996 to Sydney College of the Arts, which is  the University of Sydney's Contemporary Art School. The galleries provide a sizeable footprint (around 600 sq m of usable floorspace), nearly 200 sq m of which consists of a breathtaking space (Gallery 2) with very high ceiling and excellent natural light. This makes it one of the very few places in Sydney where really large sculptural work can be shown to good effect. The conversion was kept intentionally minimal, in order to retain the character of the sandstone building and making it an ideal place for exhibiting Contemporary Art.

The spaces set aside for the Ballen exhibition were Galleries 2 and 3 and the Callan Park Gallery (see gallery plans below), together with a series of disused, subterranean spaces that are commonly referred to as the 'dungeons'. These are not normally accessible, though in recent years they had been hired by external groups occasionally and used for (mainly horror) film location shoots and (mostly Hallow'een) parties.


Ballen would come to Sydney from his home in Johannesburg a week before the exhibition opening in order to create the 'dungeons' installation, leaving me to hang the show in the main galleries. Any tweaks could be made on his arrival. Ballen's only stipulation for the SCA Galleries was that the exhibition panels must be painted in particular tones of grey; a lighter one for Galleries 2 and 3, and a dark one for the Callan Park Gallery.

A sketchbook drawing from October 2015 (below) shows how I was thinking about content, including an indication of the mix of large and small prints in each space. It was my intention from the start to include a large video projection in the Callan Park Gallery, and three or four very large photographs (106 sq cm), printed at SCA by Nick Greenwich, on the end wall of Gallery 2 to reduce the sense of vast space between the entrance and the end wall. These would be the anchors around which the rest of the show would grow. Other than that, it was always my intention to position pictures by eye once I had them framed and in the spaces.


Early sketchbook exhibition plan indicating numbers and sizes of works
The works were gathered together according to their intended 'theatre' and a process of laying them out along the floor and shuffling began (see images below). At times I was assisted by the Gallery Manager, Liam Garstang who has an excellent eye, allowing us to bounce ideas off each other about the order of works, and in particular in respect of spacing and heights for hanging.

Gallery 2, early positioning of works

Gallery 2, end wall with positioning of 3 large, 'anchor' works (all iconic Ballen images) on the wall
at the far end of Gallery 2 established early

Gallery 2 side wall further progress with another large work, 'Head Below Wires'
positioned to establish a further anchoring of hang
Gallery 3, Theatre of the Real and Unreal in progress



View from Gallery 3 into Gallery 2 in progress

Gallery Manager, Liam Garstang in Gallery 2. Very early view
The annotated handlist reproduced below shows the original images assigned to each 'theatre', with an indication of those images that moved from one 'theatre' to another in the course of the installation. This was always a result of how well groups of pictures fitted together visually. However, although the theme of each 'theatre' wasn't subject to hard-edge definition, I nevertheless took care to ensure that any image that was moved was in accord with the core theme. This was primarily a set of intuitive choices - the decision had to 'feel' right.
Galleries diagram showing near-final positions of works. Numbers above correspond to the annotated list below




The exhibition hang was completed by Liam Garstang and his assistants over the course of two or three days. Labelling was minimal. The name of each 'theatre' was indicated by black, vinyl lettering placed high on an exhibition panel in each gallery, so as not to distract line of sight of the photographs. The works themselves were not identified by wall labels. Instead, a number was placed discreetly beneath each work, corresponding to a handlist that was available to exhibition visitors (reproduced later in this text). When he arrived in Sydney, Ballen was broadly happy with my hang, making just a couple of suggestions for changes, including moving a picture I had placed very high on a wall above an arch, which he felt made it too difficult to see the image. Below are some photographs of the final hang.

Theatre of the Absurd, Gallery 2, looking toward entrance. Doorway next to fire extinguishes is entrance to Forbidden Theatre, Callan Park Gallery

Theatre of the Absurd, Gallery 2

Theatre of the Real and Unreal. End wall is Theatre of the Hidden. Gallery 3

Theatre of the Real and Unreal, Gallery 3

Forbidden Theatre, Callan Park Gallery
Forbidden Theatre, Callan Park Gallery

Forbidden Theatre, Callan Park Gallery, showing video projection running
I conceived of the exhibition moving from one 'theatre' to another in the following order: Theatre of the Absurd, Theatre of the Real and Unreal, Theatre of the Hidden, Forbidden Theatre, and Theatre of Darkness. I explained the assumptions underlying the choice of each 'theatre' and its place in the order of the show in the handlist available to visitors to the exhibition (see below). Viewers were not coerced into moving through the show in a particular direction, however. Rather, I hoped that the hanging of the works and the particular character and location of each space would suggest a certain natural direction of flow. This seemed to work quite well.


Entrance to the exhibition. The sign was quite small  and discreet. This show was always supposed
to be about the way Ballen's images functioned in these amazing spaces

Viewers entered the exhibition through a relatively small door into the huge space that is Gallery 2/Theatre of the Absurd. The three big pictures at the far end of the gallery inevitably attracted visitors to move that way sooner or later. Once there, the obvious thing was to turn right into Gallery 3, which at that end was the Theatre of the Real and Unreal. There was no hard barrier or demarcation between that and the Theatre of the Hidden, which took up the other half of the gallery, beyond an 'H'-shaped, temporary display unit. Thus, although there were two 'theatres' in Gallery 3, their edges were blurred, which I liked. By this time most viewers had not noticed the opening back in Gallery 2 that served as entrance to the Callan Park Gallery/Forbidden Theatre - partly because of a blackout curtain across the entrance and the minimal gallery signage. The entry into this very low lit space with spotlighted photographs and near lifesize video projection wall was meant to be revelatory and somewhat claustrophobic. Three films, at once compelling, disturbing and exhilarating, played on a continuous loop: Asylum of the Birds; Outland; and I Fink U Freeky (Ballen's video for South African Zef rap group, Die Antwoord).

Video wall, with upturned milk crates as seating. 'I fink u freeky' is playing. Forbidden Theatre, Callan Park Gallery
The final space, the subterranean 'Theatre of Darkness' was in another part of the Kirkbride complex that was not part of the SCA Galleries proper. Visitors could only access this part of the exhibition by pre-booking, which created a strong sense of mystery and desire among the Sydney art-going public and a large number of much more irregular gallery goers. This will be the subject of Part 3.

Below is a reproduction of the gallery handlist used by visitors to the exhibition to orient themselves and to identify the works:









Wednesday, 31 July 2019

Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind – Notes on an Exhibition Part 1


Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind

Notes on an Exhibition - Part 1

On the eve of a major new exhibition of work by Roger Ballen at the Halle St Pierre Museum in Paris I explore the genesis and realisation of the show of his work I curated in Sydney



The exhibition, "Roger Ballen’s Theatre of the Mind" was held in the SCA Galleries at the University of Sydney, Australia from 16 March to 7 May, 2016. It was timed to coincide with the 20th Biennale of Sydney and was a featured exhibition in the 2016 Sydney Head On Photo Festival. It consisted of a themed exhibition of 75 photographs spanning Ballen’s career from 1999 to 2015 and a site-specific art installation.

Part 1 Genesis and Development

The idea for an exhibition came from a conversation with Evan Hughes when I visited him at The Hughes Gallery around March 2015. The famous gallery, founded by his father four decades earlier by his father, Ray had fairly recently begun representing Roger Ballen and the two of us were looking at some framed photographs together. Evan told me that Ballen was looking for a museum venue in Australia for a big show. I said that although I couldn’t offer a museum, I thought I knew just the place to really compliment the work, the SCA Galleries at the University of Sydney, where I worked at the time. I’d established these incredibly characterful spaces, set in the old laundry of the Callan Park Psychiatric Hospital, which now served as the location of Sydney College of the Arts. Evan and I agreed that it was worth pitching an idea to Ballen, so I sent a speculative email, including some photographs of the spaces. It was enough for him to arrange a phone meeting and we talked. The amazing exhibition spaces and setting were, as I'd suspected, the hook.

In mid-May 2015 I sent a proposal to the SCA Galleries programming committee, with the provisional title, Roger Ballen – Exploring the Institution, and the following curatorial statement:
"The aim of the proposed exhibition is to introduce the South African artist Roger Ballen to Sydney audiences through a comprehensive, curated retrospective collection, chosen by curator, Colin Rhodes, and a specially commissioned site-specific installation work created on campus by the artist. In so doing, research through art curation and production will engage with knowledge relevant to the SCA research cluster, Space, Place and Country, as well as, to some degree, Self-Taught and Outsider Art. Ballen’s work speaks to both the Callan Park site – bringing its past, as psychiatric hospital, and present, as art school, into powerful collision – and to contemporary international movements in photomedia. Ballen’s black and white photographs are constructed in a unique manner, combining performance, drawing and sculpture. He places subjects and objects within the frame in an ambiguous manner, creating a sense of the uncanny in viewers. Ballen began his career by documenting the inhabitants of rural villages in South Africa in the 1980s. Since then he has moved away from documentary but has continued to focus on people on the fringes of society and the interactions between people, objects and animals. In early works Ballen collaborated with his subjects to focus on unique individuals and their personalities. Over time he has moved towards a deeper exploration of his own psyche and of humanity in general. Works from key series in Ballen’s oeuvre will be included: Boyhood, Dorps, Platteland, Outland, Shadow Chamber, Boarding House and Asylum of the Birds."
The core ingredients of the project would remain consistent, but it would quickly became more nuanced and sophisticated in its aims and thematics as I got know Ballen and his practice better and as his involvement grew. Excerpts from early correspondence shows some of the practicalities and the quick genesis and agreement of ideas between the artist and myself.
From email from CR to RB, 13.07.2015 "I am sending a bunch of photographs of parts of the ‘dungeons’ (installation site) and the parts of the SCA Galleries that have been earmarked for the curated show – these are Callan Park Gallery (a black/white box around 73 sq m floorspace); Gallery 2 (big, top lit space, around 140 sq m); and Gallery 3 (around 130 sq m – light much easier to control in this space – can be blacked out if desired). Please let me know if you need more at this stage. I’ve been toying with a title: Roger Ballen – Exploring the Institution, but if you have some better ideas, I’ll be very happy to hear them.I think it would be really great to explore the relationship between your work and Art Brut/Outsider Art in the show. As you know, I’m also interested in the history of the ways psychopathology has been hypothesised and pictured, especially from the mid-nineteenth century on. The whole nexus of picturing, collecting, exhibition, dialog, etc. would be really fascinating to think about. Needless to say, I really want to write about your work, and bringing in these contexts would allow a bit of a different angle to be presented. Evan and I are very keen to produce a substantial publication."
From email from RB to CR, 14.07.2015 "I am very excited about your proposals and concepts. It would be wonderful if you could express your ideas as they come to you. I am thinking of titles for our show and will send you ideas as they come to mind. Please also send your further suggestions. I am trying to find a few words that express a link between my work and the place of the mind where art brut originates. I would be very grateful if you could send me further images of the exhibition spaces as soon as convenient."
By mid-August Ballen and I had agreed a new title, Roger Ballen – Minds within Minds, conceived as a number of sections I described as ‘theatres.’ I introduced a new curatorial statement that much better served my aims:
"The overall aim of the exhibition is to introduce Roger Ballen to Sydney audiences through a comprehensive collection of works, chosen to present a coherent, though poetic thesis on the multi-layered encounters between subject and audience and the revelations of creative agency.
The guiding idea is that, in his work, Ballen produces visual reports of psychological realities. His photographs are emphatically engaged objects without critical distance. Though they are exquisitely constructed as form, viewers are dragged into them, so to speak; participant in the work, not observer. The physical and imaginative work that underlies the moment of the image making (the capture, if you will) pervades the reality of the photographic object and encourages the viewer to continue and extend that work – viewers become a part of the psychological interior, whereupon it is reintroduced to the world.
The works occupy a kind of psychological neutral place, outside of definition - in French, a lisière; the place in the frayed edges of the fringes of two rugs meeting. In this way they engage with otherwise unfathomable layers of consciousness and, when animated by the viewer, find new ways of folding the world into the self (and vice versa).
I propose to achieve this in the exhibition by conceiving the specific spaces at SCA as ‘theatres’. I am using the term, theatre, in its widest sense here – to describe a place in which to act, and where purposeful action takes place (the dramatic theatre, the operating theatre, the theatre of war, etc.). And to conceive of these theatres as parts of a kind of house – ‘The House of Minds within Minds’, perhaps. I propose 5 theatres:
    1. The Theatre of Daylight (Gallery 2)
    2. The Theatre of Assimilation (Gallery 3)
    3. The Theatre of Rendezvous (Gallery 3)
    4 The Forbidden Theatre (Callan Park Gallery)
    5. The Theatre of Becoming (Dungeons) 
All are suggestive, multilayered metaphors, joined together by the operations of the psyche; by the operations of contemplation and also of desire."
Ballen’s responses were positive:
“I think the suggestion of using the theatre as metaphor is a fantastic idea. The crucial task will be to find a series of photographs that individually and as a group visually and psychologically elucidate the concept that is reflected in the theatre title.  As the photographs were all taken by me, there should be formal links from picture to picture. The choices may have to be initiated around subject matter that is revealed in each image.”
Ballen was really intrigued by the notion of the theatre and thought deeply about it and its relationship to thinking about his work. A period of tweaking the titles of each theatre and ultimately agreeing the definitive title of the exhibition commenced.
From email from RB to CR, 21.08.2015 "I was thinking that each Theatre ought to relate back to an aspect of the human condition or Mind. These titles should also be relevant to my photography over the years. I like your suggestions, but I want to provide others which are closely linked to my imagery.
        Theatre of the Spirits
        Theatre of the Absurd
        Theatre of Darkness
        The Theatre of the Mind talking to the Mind
        Theatre of Chaos and Disorder"
27.08.2015 Further suggestions from RB "Please give some thought to the following theatre titles:
                    Forbidden Theatre
                  The Theatre of Daylight/Absurd
                  Theatre of the Assimilated/Real versus Unreal
                  Theatre of Darkness, Dungeon
                  Theatre of the Hidden"

By mid-October we had settled together on what would ultimately be the final titles for the ‘theatres’:


                 Theatre of the Absurd
                 Theatre of the Real vs Unreal
                 Theatre of the Hidden
                 The Forbidden Theatre
                 Theatre of Darkness

There was a suggestion of further change on 2 November, in an email from Ballen’s Artistic Director, Marguerite Rossouw. Further discussion brought us back to the October list. However, the 2 November message did contain the suggestion for what was to become the definitive title of the exhibition:
"First of all, Roger came up with the title he would like for the show. He would like the show to be called 'Roger Ballen's Theatre of the Mind.' These are the titles of the four theatres that we think might make the most sense. Attached are some examples [of photographs] for Theatre of the Absurd. The other examples will follow in separate emails.  
    Theatre of the Absurd
    Theatre of the Hidden
    Theatre of Assimilation
    Theatre of the Ethereal
I will send you examples of images that we suggest to be used in the different theatres. Please let us know your thoughts on the changes and as soon as we have the final decision, we will start selecting the relevant number of images for each theatre."
Approximate numbers and sizes of works to be included was decided between mid-October and late-December 2015, including five extra large pictures that would be printed by us in Sydney. The method for selecting work was for the artist and I to choose from a large sampling of images corresponding to each theatre grouping in order to reach agreement on around eighty images that would be sent from Johannesburg in January 2016 to allow time for framing in Australia. This worked well. There were a small number of cases in which I, and sometimes Ballen, would suggest images in one grouping should be shown in a different 'theatre'. Similarly, during the actual hanging of the show a small number of images were further moved from one 'theatre' to another.

My notes from October 2015 indicate some of the ways I was thinking about the show’s conception:
The idea of a series of pictures is surely important here? The books are at least as important as the shows (possibly more so).
I’m interested in the local/national/international knowledge nexus around all this. Was Ballen's encounter, travelling as a geologist, a privileged one (i.e. an encounter that others from the cities would not really have had the opportunity to have in everyday life)?
Artists do what they do. That is all. That is right and proper. There is no ‘must’; no ‘appropriate’. Inappropriate is often better. The best art usually delivers problematics to the culture.
Themes: Human interaction. Levels of connection with photographic subjects – when is a person a person? What is the relation of the person’s personhood to the photographic image?
Theatre. It will be difficult to avoid Artaud. It may be that I need to read some Bakhtin as well. [Samuel] Beckett is important.
Of course, I took my concept from [Unica] Zürn’s ‘House of Illnesses’, so for me the different theatres correspond to her ‘rooms’. For Zürn, the ‘house’ is also a body – her body, metaphorically or literally inhabited by other characters. I need the ‘theatres’ to be metaphors … but for what?


There are two drawings I made among my notes that embody the idea of the exhibition’s ‘theatres’. They have a debt to the surrealist artist and poet, Unica Zürn. As with her 'House of Illnesses', they literally embody concepts that will then be committed to narrative conceptual ends. These drawings also indicate a certain flow or movement that I was envisioning for circulation of the audience in the gallery. The image that incorporates a found, vernacular photograph specifically relates this embodiment to the grounding of Ballen's characteristic photography practice.




An interesting way of devising curatorial strategy, perhaps, though I have always found thinking through drawing extremely useful.



There is also a tiny sketch that indicates another influence on my thinking which, though strong, somehow never made it in any substantive way into my subsequent analysis of Ballen and his work in the book we published to accompany the show, namely the Magic Theatre featured in Hermann Hesse’s novel, Steppenwolf (1927), where the main character, Harry Heller experiences, as though real, the fantasies that exist in his mind.

In Part 2 I will publish photographs of work in progress on the installation of the show, together with a plan of the hang, documentary shots of the final hang, and the explanatory room sheet available to exhibition visitors.


Sunday, 19 November 2017

Smashed Screens

Smashed Screens. Curated by Priscilla Bourne, Delmar Gallery, 144 Victoria Street, Ashfield, Sydney, 19 November - 3 December 2017


Thrilled to have been included in this group show by Priscilla Bourne. She's a fantastic artist, but resisted the temptation to curate herself into this amazing collection of diverse practices. Not sure whether it should have worked, but "Smashed Screens" turned out to be an inspired piece of what I'd call collage  - that is, it's not just works by eleven artists in one space, but works really actively in conversation with each other; the thing operates as a coherent whole, without viewers ever mistaking the different sources of each part. Like a collage, it mobilises its communicative power across boundaries.

Installation view, with works by Jody Graham and Colin Rhodes
Christian Davis

Here is the little essay I wrote for the catalogue:

The Mechanisms of an Event by Colin Rhodes

Art confronts the limits of meaning. It operates in that hinterland between sense and anti-sense; between language and babble; between the mundane and the marvellous. It is always at once generative and defunct. Dragged forth from some other place, it relies entirely on encounters with embodied subjects other than its creator(s) to continually produce the life it pretends. The artist is never really Pygmalion, but always in a way, Frankenstein. If art is a product of unconscious desires (and more or less conscious strategies of production), those desires are invariably unfulfilled or transcended.

Jessica Bradford, Haw Park Villa (detail)
When I am in the middle of making art I ask myself only very simple, practical questions, and even then in a dumb, quiet kind of way. I know where things are going, though not in a way that I could explain either to myself or anyone else. There is no cartography in this zone. No GPS. This is precisely because art emerges from a sort of in-between place. Artists at work are forever hopping across the boundaries of the dialectic: now here, now there. Artists are shape-shifters. It often makes them elusive souls at times when they are called on by the world, and magnificently present at unexpected moments.

Installation view, with works by Jody Graham and Colin Rhodes
When I am confronted with other art my reaction is different to when I am inside the process of making. I am overcome with an urge to describe it. This petrified, once-molten block emitting an uncanny glow here, this geometric, constructivist frame, fashioned from mundane materials, that is a conduit for sound, there. An apparition made tangible and solid. A painting whose tangled, shallow pictorial depths are landscapes for psychological wandering. One way or another, art, for me, is always about representation. It is always situational. It is always saying something about something. Even when it is gnomic or seemingly hermetic. Even when it chatters like a person made delirious by some plague. It has something to say. I listen to it – with all my senses. I want to engage.
Installation view, with works byCiaran Begley
Sometimes an exhibition of work by different artists remains just that. Nothing is added through the act of mixing. No new job of work is done by the disparate objects sharing the space. That is not the case here. Artist and curator, Priscilla Bourne has incisively collaged together a diverse collection of works from a group of artists whose practices, on the face of it, emerge from very different wellsprings. I suspect that this is not quite the case. We have some fundamental things in common. Not least there is an engagement with the raw stuff of making and an interest in the potentialities of poor (inartistic) materials and the ready-made. Moreover, there’s a common belief in the innate capacity of inert materials to communicate sensually. We find here reanimations and repurposing of the cracked and used-up, sometimes with the artist having first taken the material/object to the brink of formlessness.

Gallery Director, catherine Benz discusses Kasane Low's work with the artist
The objects in this exhibition invite viewers to engage not just with each one individually, but with the group en masse. In fact, they exist as a group, sharing the space of the gallery productively. They interrelate and suggest interrelations. With the creation of these subtle networks of communication between objects, the stage is set for the exhibition to be made and remade continually through the dialogic participation of viewers.

Laurence Williams, performance using his sound installation
In keeping with the ideas of Russian theorist, Mikhail Bakhtin, I perceive each artwork in “Smashed Screens”, and therefore the exhibition as a whole, as consisting of multiple authentic voices. The authorial voice (of the artist and of the curator) is not singular, but an accumulation of the voices of the others it contains. By dint of the choice of materials, as well as any aesthetic act, the work is characterised by heteroglossia; a clash of different utterances and social levels of language. From this perspective, the work (each individual piece and the totality) has the character of an event and is made from the outside by the viewer. If we accept that the artwork metaphorically has the character of an embodied subject, has a kind of personhood imbued by the artist who creates it, then we can recognise that it is also unable to complete itself: it achieves perspective only from outside – only the other is in space, while the individual is oriented by its non-spatial inner centre – and it cannot know its own beginning and end.

Installation view, with work by Christian Davis, Al Poulet, Adrian de Giorgio and Laurence Williams
“Smashed Screens” is therefore durational. But it does not rely on the temporal linearity of moving pictures produced by a camera. Rather, it reaches behind and beyond that paradigm. It has the quality of an event. And, as such, implies community, which is exemplified by the coming together in space, and continuity, which is characterised precisely by its lack of beginning and end, for it is always being made and remade in consciousness.

Curator, Priscilla Bourne